Anisotropy and Attenuation in Seismic Processing

In seismic processing refers to the directional dependence of seismic wave velocities in the Earth's subsurface. This means that seismic waves travel at different speeds depending on their direction relative to the subsurface structures, such as aligned fractures, bedding planes, or stress fields. Anisotropy analysis is crucial for accurately interpreting seismic data, as it helps identify and characterize these directional properties, which can be key indicators of fractures, stress orientations, or layered rock formations. Understanding anisotropy allows for more accurate velocity models and improved imaging of complex geological settings. 

Refers to the loss of energy that seismic waves experience as they travel through the Earth's subsurface. This energy loss can occur due to several factors, including scattering, absorption, and the intrinsic properties of the rocks and fluids they encounter. Attenuation affects both the amplitude and frequency content of seismic waves, which can complicate the interpretation of seismic data. By analyzing attenuation, geoscientists can gain insights into the composition and fluid content of subsurface rocks, as well as detect zones of increased porosity or fluid saturation.